Annual report 2022KLP Kommunekreditt AS 

The Company’s profit before tax was NOK 76.1 (20.6¹) million and total comprehensive income for the year was NOK 62.4 (21.5) million. This gave a return on equity of 9.8 (2.8) per cent before tax. The change in profit compared with last year is mainly due to an increase in lending margins from the turmoil in interest rates which marked the second half of the year. Along with higher interest rates, credit premiums also increased, driving up lending margins. The Company’s financing costs have not increased to the same extent, resulting in a greater than normal overall difference between lending rates in the market and the Company’s financing, especially in the latter part of the financial year. Good lending growth has also contributed to an increase in net interest income.

Net interest income from the lending and investment portfolios increased by about 63 per cent compared with last year.

The result is also affected by the fact that losses on financial instruments are significantly lower in 2022 than the previous year. This can be mainly attributed to the fact that refinancing and loan buybacks have resulted in lower costs. A fall in the value of securities investments resulted in somewhat higher costs in 2022 than in the previous year.

Credit premiums in the securities market were unusually volatile through 2022. The overall profit/loss effect of the fall in the value of the Company’s securities investments shows realised and unrealised losses of NOK -4.4 (-4.2) million.

During the term of its borrowing agreements, the Company makes regular adjustments to reduce its liquidity risk and meet regulatory requirements with respect to liquidity indicators and capital adequacy. Refinancing of the borrowing side then results in a need to buy back the Company’s own issuance. In 2022, the effect on profits of borrowing buybacks was NOK -6.4 (-23.3) million.

The overall accounting effect of changes in the value of financial instruments is thus 61 per cent lower in 2022 compared with the previous year. See note 6.

Operating expenses show an increase compared to the previous year. This is driven by ordinary cost inflation, but also by an increased lending balance and a higher volume of new payments.

The Company’s lending is managed by KLP Banken AS, and most of the operating expenses are regulated in a management agreement with the parent company. Under this agreement, KLP Kommunekreditt AS is charged for its share of the parent company’s costs for the management of public-sector loans, based on volume. Costs are settled monthly. Operating expenses in excess of this are mainly direct costs incurred by the Company in connection with external assistance, such as rating, auditing, etc. Increased efficiency in the parent company’s management of loans to public-sector borrowers contributed to lower costs in KLP Kommunekreditt AS.

Lending activities in KLP Kommunekreditt AS are primarily based on the sale of new loans directly from the Company.

Total lending increased by 7 per cent in 2022. 91 (89) per cent of the lending volume is at floating interest rates. The rest is fixed-rate loans.

In 2022, the Company paid out new loans worth NOK 2.5 (1.3) billion. The lending portfolio consists of loans to Norwegian municipalities and county municipalities directly, or to enterprises working for the public sector and receiving unconditional guarantees from municipalities or county authorities. The risk in the loan portfolio is considered very low.

The credit risk associated with lending to municipal and county authorities in Norway is limited to deferral of payment and does not provide for cessation of payment obligations. This is a consequence of the Norwegian Local Government Act, which indemnifies lenders against losses if a local authority is unable to meet its payment obligations. Where payment is deferred, the lender is also secured against losses of accrued interest, late-payment interest and debt collection costs. KLP Kommunekreditt AS has not had any credit loss on loans to Norwegian municipalities or county authorities.

The Company had no non-performing loans more than 90 days overdue at the end of 2022. Nor were any individual losses recorded in the financial year. In the financial year, estimated loan loss provisions under IFRS 9 had an effect on profits of NOK -8 (-3) thousand. For more information on loan loss provisions, please refer to note 8.

KLP provides loans to the public sector from its own balance sheet and through KLP Kommunekreditt AS. Loans are managed by KLP Banken.

KLP Kommunekreditt AS, together with KLP, has a good position in the market for long-term financing of municipalities, county authorities and enterprises working in the public sector.

Total loans to public-sector borrowers amounted to NOK 87.1 (84.1) billion at the end of 2022, an increase of NOK 3.0 (3.7) billion, or 3.6 (4.6) per cent, in the financial year. For the local government sector as a whole, the estimated debt growth is just under 5 per cent in 2022.

Loan applications totalling NOK 76.3 (62.3) billion were received in 2022.

The Company’s liquidity situation is satisfactory, as its financing more than covers the liquidity requirement from operations.

KLP Kommunekreditt AS is subject to strict rules with respect to the assets it may invest in. The portfolio of liquid investments comprises safe securities and deposits in other banks. The securities are certificates and bonds with excellent security, largely covered bonds with an AAA rating.

Holdings of cash and cash equivalents have been used to pay out new loans or for redemptions and buybacks of borrowings.

As new borrowings occur when the terms for them are considered favourable, a need sometimes arises to invest surplus liquidity. This liquidity contributes to earnings and provides the flexibility to meet demand for new lending.

At the end of 2022, outstanding liquidity investments in the form of interest-bearing securities amounted to NOK 2.7 (1.7) billion. Securities are recognised at market value. At the same time, bank deposits amounted to NOK 0.6 (0.6) billion.

KLP Kommunekreditt AS has established a programme for issuing covered bonds.

At the end of 2022, loan-backed covered bonds issued in the Norwegian market amounted to NOK 19.8 (18.6) billion. New issues in 2022 totalled NOK 4.2 (5.5) billion. Buybacks of previous issues amounted to NOK 3.0 (4.4) billion. No bonds were issued outside Norway. KLP Kommunekreditt AS has achieved the best rating for its borrowing programme.

The bonds are backed by the Company’s lending activity. Loans to enterprises have to be guaranteed by municipalities or county authorities under the provisions of the Local Government Act, by the Norwegian government or by a bank. They must be unconditional and cover both repayments and interest. In 2022, the Financial Supervisory Authority of Norway approved the Company’s programme for issuing ‘premium’ covered bonds (OMF Premium).

The Company’s debt to credit institutions at the end of the year comprised internal financing from KLP Banken AS in the amount of NOK 1.7 (0.8) billion.

The Company had total assets of NOK 22.5 (20.1) billion at the end of 2022. Of this, loans to public-sector borrowers amount to NOK 19.1 (17.8) billion and NOK 3.3 (2.2) billion are liquid investments.

The Company’s equity and subordinated loan capital, based on the Board of Directors’ proposal for allocation of the year’s profit, totalled NOK 897 (759) million at the end of 2022. Core capital is identical to equity and subordinated loan capital. This gives a capital adequacy and tier 1 capital ratio of 20.3 (19.1) per cent.

The current capital requirement, including capital buffers, is a 12.0 per cent tier 1 capital ratio and 15.5 per cent capital adequacy. The unweighted tier 1 capital ratio was 4.0 (3.8) per cent, compared with the requirement of 3.0 per cent.

The risk-weighted balance was NOK 4.3 (3.9) billion. Capital adequacy is considered good.

The financial statements for KLP Kommunekreditt AS for 2022 show total comprehensive income of NOK 62.4 (21.5) million. The Board of Directors proposes that a group contribution of NOK 89.7 million be paid to KLP. NOK 69.9 million will be returned from KLP as a group contribution without any tax effect. Net profit and group contribution will be transferred to other equity. The group contribution only has an accounting effect from the date of the decision.

The Board of Directors believes that the financial statements provide a true and fair view of the Company’s assets and liabilities, financial position and profit. The conditions for continued operation are present, and this is assumed in the financial statements.

KLP Kommunekreditt AS prepares its financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as approved by the EU with associated interpretations. See Note 2 for more details.

The rating agencies’ assessments of the Company have a bearing on its borrowing terms. The Company uses Moody’s for credit rating of bonds. All covered bond issues have the best rating, AAA.

KLP Kommunekreditt AS is subject to KLP Banken’s risk management framework, the purpose of which is to ensure that risks are identified, analysed and managed by means of policies, limits, procedures and instructions.

It has established its own guidelines for the most important individual risks (liquidity, credit, market, operational and compliance risk) and an overall policy for risk management, which covers principles, organisation, limits, etc. for the Bank’s overall risk. The risk policies are adopted by the Board of Directors and are reviewed at least once a year. The policies are of an overarching nature and are complemented by procedures, rules, and instructions determined at the administrative level.

The Company aims to maintain a low level of operational risk, and to be characterised by a high level of professional competence, good procedures and efficient operations.

The Company is included in the KLP Banken Group’s process for assessing and quantifying material risks and calculating its capital and liquidity requirements (ICAAP). The capital requirement assessment is forward-looking and, in addition to calculating needs based on current exposure (and, if appropriate, limits), an assessment is made of future needs in light of planned growth, determined strategic changes, etc. The Company’s Board of Directors takes an active part in these assessments and, in addition to the capital requirement assessment, determines a desired level for total capital (capital target).

The boards of KLP Banken AS, KLP Kommunekreditt and KLP Boligkreditt have appointed a joint risk committee. The risk committee deals with matters specifically related to risk and has an advisory function to the Board of KLP Kommunekreditt AS.

The Company’s articles of association and applicable legislation provide guidelines for corporate governance, corporate management and define a clear division of roles between governing bodies and corporate management.

The Board of Directors sets the policies for the Company’s activities. The Board held eight board meetings in 2022. At the end of 2022, the Board was made up of two women and two men.

The Managing Director is in charge of the day-to-day management of the Company in accordance with instructions issued by the Board of Directors.

Board members and the general manager have taken out directors’ liability insurance.

An account of KLP Banken’s corporate governance is available on the KLP website (https://www.klp.no/en).

There are no direct employees in KLP Kommunekreditt AS. The Company’s governance and management are handled by people employed by KLP Banken AS.

A management agreement has been entered into with KLP Banken AS, covering administration, IT support, finance and risk management, as well as borrowing and liquidity management.

KLP aims to be a leader in corporate social responsibility and sustainability in its industry. Corporate social responsibility is therefore a clearly defined responsibility in the KLP Group’s strategy. KLP and KLP Kommunekreditt have been contributing to sustainable development in the community for many years through loan financing of projects throughout Norway, such as roads, schools, kindergartens, swimming pools, sports facilities, care homes, cultural centres and many other socially beneficial projects. Lending to Norwegian municipalities is used for purposes that contribute to reducing national greenhouse gas emissions and that benefit society as a whole. Over three-quarters of KLP’s owner municipalities have loans from KLP or the KLP Banken Group. 

As part of the KLP Group, KLP Kommunekreditt AS aims to contribute to sustainable investments and responsible business operations. Social responsibility is of strategic importance for KLP. This is manifested through actions linked to the Group’s business. KLP is a signatory to the UN Global Compact, and is thereby committed to working for human rights, workers’ rights and the environment, and against corruption. A detailed description of goals, measures and results is available on KLP’s website (https://www.klp.no/en/corporate-responsibility-and-responsible-investment).

KLP Banken signed the UN Principles for Sustainable Banking in the autumn of 2019 and has committed to implementing these principles in its operations. The Principles for Sustainable Banking mean that banks are transparent about how their products and services create value for customers and investors, as well as for society as a whole. The Principles are intended to guide banks in their work on sustainability, and support society’s overall goals in line with the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement.

The KLP Banken Group aims to be a driver and sparring partner to help municipalities to make sustainable choices within public administration. The Bank offers green loans to municipalities, county authorities and enterprises associated with local government for projects that have a clear positive environmental and climate impact.

The premises of the parent company KLP Banken AS in both Oslo and Trondheim are certified as “eco-lighthouses” through the Eco-Lighthouse Foundation. Both locations were recertified in 2021.

For further information and details on corporate social responsibility and sustainability, please refer to KLP’s sustainability reports at klp.no Reports and presentations - Finance and IR - About KLP - KLP.no

The presence of KLP Kommunekreditt AS together with KLP in the market for public loans contributes to competition and so provides the public sector with access to long-term financing on favourable terms. Overall growth in recent years shows that the market position is solid.

High credit quality in the lending portfolio will help KLP Kommunekreditt AS to achieve favourable borrowing terms. Government regulation of banks and financial institutions means that a number of regulatory requirements for capital and liquidity have to be met. This requires constant earnings that make it possible to meet such requirements.

The market for loans to the municipal sector is still growing and a large portion of the loans taken are financed in the securities market rather than in the financial institutions. KLP Kommunekreditt AS is well capitalised and has an advantage as a stable and long-term lender in a market characterised by low risk. General developments in the financial markets will determine the extent to which KLP Kommunekreditt AS can finance its lending activities on terms that provide sufficient profitability for further growth.

Norwegian society is going through turbulent times with great macroeconomic uncertainty, and this will also affect the general conditions facing the public sector. Norwegian municipalities have developed a good and comprehensive range of services to the public. Increased life expectancy, demographics, income growth and climate risk give grounds to expect a significant need for investment in the public sector over the next few years. In the short term, increased costs resulting from higher inflation and interest rates could contribute to slightly lower lending growth than has been normal in recent years. Demand for loans for projects that contribute to climate adaptation is likely to continue to increase in the years ahead.

The Board of Directors expects that there will also be a need for significant long-term and stable financing beyond what the securities market can offer to public-sector borrowers. KLP Banken’s expertise in municipal financing, regardless of the size of its own balance sheet, can be used in its stewardship role for KLP. KLP Kommunekreditt AS and KLP as a whole will be a key player providing loans for public investment purposes.

The financial statements for KLP Kommunekreditt AS have been prepared in accordance with international accounting standards (IFRS) and interpretations from the IFRS interpretations committee (IFRIC), as adopted by the EU. The Norwegian Accounting Act and the Regulations concerning annual accounts for banks, mortgage firms and finance companies (the Accounting Regulations) contain individual requirements for additional information which is not required under IFRS. These supplementary information requirements have been incorporated into the notes to the financial statements.

The annual accounts have been prepared on the principle of historic cost, with the following exceptions:

• Financial assets and liabilities (including financial derivatives) are valued at fair value through profit or loss
• Financial assets and liabilities are valued in accordance with the rules on fair value hedging

To prepare the accounts in accordance with IFRS, management must make accounting estimates and approximate valuations. This will affect the value of the company’s assets and liabilities, income and expenses recognised in the financial statements. Actual figures may deviate from estimates used. Areas in which discretionary valuations and estimates of material significance to the company have been used are described in note 3.

All amounts are presented in NOK thousands without decimals unless stated otherwise.

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the going concern assumption.

The most important accounting policies relating to financial instruments are described below.

Cash and bank deposits are defined as receivables from credit institutions without any termination date. The amount does not include receivables from credit institutions that are linked to the purchase and sale of securities in the management of the securities portfolios. The statement of cash flows has been prepared in accordance with the direct method.

The company’s financial liabilities comprise liabilities to credit institutions and covered bonds issued.

The owners’ equity in the company comprises owners’ equity contributed and retained earnings.

Tax costs in the income statement comprise tax payable and changes in deferred tax. Deferred tax and tax assets are calculated as differences between the accounting and taxation value of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are capitalized to the extent it can be shown probable that the company will have sufficient taxable profit to exploit the tax asset.

The company is a part of a financial services group and a tax group. Except for the limitations pursuant to the Financial Institutions Act, any tax-related surplus may be passed in its entirety to the parent company and subsidiaries as a group contribution with tax effect.

The company pays no benefits to employees and is not covered by the rules on financial activity tax. The company’s nominal income tax rate in 2022 is 22 per cent.

Non-performing exposures are currently monitored by the public-sector loan administration department. There have been no recorded losses on public-sector lending in KLP Kommunekreditt or KLP at any time. Loans with payments over 30 days past due are followed up by way of dialogue with the public-sector customers, which is believed to be the reason why there have been no cases of default over 90 days in recent years.

Nordic Bond Pricing is used as a source for pricing Norwegian government bonds. The prices are compared with the prices from Bloomberg to reveal any errors.

Norwegian fixed-income securities except government are generally priced using prices from Nordic Bond Pricing. Those securities that are not included in Nordic Bond Pricing are priced theoretically. The theoretical price is based on the assumed present value on the sale of the position. A zero-coupon curve is used for discounting. The zero-coupon curve is adjusted upwards by means of a credit spread, which is to take account of the risk the bond entails. The credit spread is calculated on the basis of a spread curve taking account of the duration of the bond. Nordic Bond Pricing is the main source of spread curves. They provide company-specific curves for Norwegian saving banks, municipalities and energy. Saving banks have various spread curves based on total assets.

Interest rate swaps are valued based on the applicable swap curve at the time of valuation. Derivative contracts are to be used only to hedge balance amounts and to enable payments obligations to be met. Derivative contracts may be struck only with counterparties with high credit quality.

Fair value of lending without fixed interest rates is considered virtually the same as book value since the contract terms are continuously changed in step with market interest rates. Fair value of fixedrate loans is calculated by discounting contracual cash flows by the marked rate including a relevant riskmargin on the reporting date. This is valued in Level 2 in the valuation hierarchy, cf. note 14.

All receivables from credit institutions (bank deposits) are at variable interest rates. Fair value of these is considered virtually the same as book value since the contract terms are continuously changed in step with marked interest rates. This is valued in Level 2 in the valuation hierarchy, cf. note 14.

These transactions are valued using a valuation model, including relevant credit spread adjustments obtained from the market. This is valued in Level 2 in the valuation hierarchy, cf. note 14.

Fair value in this category is determined on the basis of internal valuation models based on external observable data. This is valued in Level 2 in the valuation hierarchy, cf. note 14.

Instruments at this level obtain fair value from listed prices in an active market for identical assets or liabilities to which the entity has access at the reporting date. Examples of instruments in Level 1 are stock market listed securities.

Instruments at this level obtain fair value from observable market data. This includes prices based on identical instruments, but where the instrument does not maintain a high enough trading frequency and is therefore not considered to be traded in an active market, as well as prices based on corresponding assets and price-leading indicators that can be confirmed from market information. Example instruments at Level 2 are fixed-income securities priced on the basis of interest rate paths.

Instruments at Level 3 contain non-observable market data or are traded in markets considered to be inactive. The price is based generally on discrete calculations where the actual fair value may deviate if the instrument were to be traded.

Note 12 discloses the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities that are recognized at amortized cost and according to the rules on hedge accounting. Financial assets measured at amortized cost and hedge accounting comprise lending to and due to credit institutions, Norwegian municipalities and retail customers. The stated fair value of these assets is determined on terms qualifying for Level 2. Financial liabilities recognized at amortized cost and hedge accounting consist of debt securities issued. The stated fair value of these liabilities is determined by methods qualifying for Level 2.

There have been no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2.

KLP Kommunekreditt AS is a wholly owned subsidiary of KLP Banken AS. The Board of Directors of the Bank has established a risk management framework aimed at ensuring that risks are identified, analysed and managed based on policies, limits, procedures and instructions. The Board has adopted risk policies covering the key individual risks as well as an overarching risk policy that covers principles, organisation, limits etc. for the Bank’s total risk. The risk policies are of an overarching nature and are complemented by procedures, guidelines and instructions laid down at the senior management level. The policies state which departments are responsible for handling the various risks and also cover the establishment of a separate risk control function. One purpose of the risk control function is to check that the risk policies and other guidelines for risk management are being followed. This function is carried out by the head of the Risk Management and Compliance Department, which is responsible for preparing periodic risk reports to senior management and the Board as well as reporting on any breaches of policies or guidelines. The Department, which has an independent role in relation to other departments, also has other tasks associated with the Bank’s risk management. The responsibility for the operational direction of the Bank’s liquidity risk and interest rate risk lies with the Finance Department.

The Board has determined a credit policy that contains overarching guidelines, requirements and limits associated with credit risk. The policy lays down that the bank is to have a low credit risk profile and includes limits on types of lending and principles for organisation and operation of the Company’s lending activity. The policy also includes an overall mandate structure for lending and other counterparty exposure. The mandates are linked to Board-determined limits for a large number of the Company’s individual borrowers and these limits derive from a risk classification in which the individual borrowers are assigned a risk class based on a set of fixed criteria. Furthermore requirements are set for reporting to the Board on usage of the limits.

Credit risk associated with issuers of securities, derivative counterparties and other counterparties in the financial area is also limited by Board-determined limits on individual counterparties. These limits are based on the counterparty’s solvency and other assessments of the counterparties’ creditworthiness.

In processing all new loan applications checks are made on whether the customer’s credit limits are greater than the sum of the loan amounts applied for and current lending. In the credit risk policy described above, requirements are set for reporting to the Board on the use of the limits. Any breach of the limits must be reported to the Company’s Board in any event.

The Company also invests in securities issued by municipalities and county administrations and will in addition have credit risk exposure in the form of “additional collateral”. The additional collateral can amount up to 20 percent of the cover. In accordance with the Company’s internal guidelines the additional collateral may be in the form of deposits in banks satisfying minimum rating requirements as well as covered bonds issued by Norwegian credit enterprises.

KLP Kommunekreditt AS measures maximum exposure as principal and accrued interest. Security in cash or securities is not exchanged, nor are other credit improvements carried out. The table below shows the maximum exposure for KLP Kommunekreditt AS.

The Company has not incurred losses on lending. The company considers all receivables to be satisfactorily secured.

The Company’s lending is in its entirety linked to public-sector financing, so the portfolio has a high concentration towards a single sector. The underlying credit risk from this sector is however so low that it is hardly possible to reduce this concentration without increasing the total risk in the portfolio. The concentration towards the Norwegian public sector is thus considered not to be a risk issue.

KLP Kommunekreditt AS’s largest borrower as at 31 December 2022 was approximately 3.9 per cent of the Company’s total lending.

Interest rate risk is measured as the change in value on a one percentage point change in all interest rates.

The market risk policy comprises the Company’s overarching guidelines, requirements and limits associated with market risk. The policy dictates that the market risk should be minimised so the total market risk is low. It further states that the Company should not actively take positions that expose it to market risk. The policy also sets limits for interest rate risk, both for the total interest rate risk for the indefinite future and for rolling 12-month periods. The risk limits are set to ensure that low market risk profile that has been adopted is adhered to. The operational responsibility for managing the Company’s market risk lies with the Finance Department. The Risk managment and Compliance Department reports the Company’s actual exposure in relation to limits in accordance with guidelines set by the Board.

Interest rate risk arises because the fixed interest periods for the Company’s assets and liabilities are not the same. The gap in the table below shows the difference between assets and liabilities that can be interest-adjusted within the given time intervals. The repricing date shows the time to the next agreed interest adjustment date. Floating-rate loans and deposits, and cash and receivables from credit institutions, fall into the time interval up to one month, while fixed-interest loans, securities and liabilities created on issuance of securities fall into the time interval for which interest adjustment has been agreed.

The management of KLP Kommunekreditt’s liquidity risk must be viewed in the context of the management of the liquidity risk in the KLP Banken Group. A liquidity policy has been established for the Group containing principles, guidelines, requirements and limits that apply to the management of the liquidity risk. The policy states that the Group is to have a moderate liquidity risk profile and various requirements. The policy contains various requirements and limits to adhere to the desired liquidity risk profile, including targets for deposit cover, limits for refinancing needs for various timeframes and liquidity buffer requirements. The Board has also adopted an emergency plan for financial crises (including liquidity crises) as part of the Bank's recovery plan. In addition to the requirements at Group level, separate specific requirements have been established for KLP Kommunekreditt, including requirements for continuously positive cash flows, limits for refinancing requirements and requirements for liquidity reserves and drawing rights. The operational responsibility for managing the Company’s liquidity risk lies with the Finance Department. The Risk Management and Compliance Department reports the Company’s actual exposure in relation to limits in accordance with guidelines set by the Board.

The tables below show the maturity analysis of the Company’s assets and liabilities including stipulated interest rates.